Index

Numerics

3D model

changing view 25-32

A

active objects 75

active tools 75

active window 7

adding

bookmarks 31

aligning 155

CVs horizontally 110

image planes 155

angles

draft 245

application

starting up 1

arc tangent to curve tool 239

arcs

keypoint arcs 239

three point arcs 122, 240

arranging windows 4, 8

arrow on tool icons 10

axes

resetting 144

B

backgrounds

environment shader 304

image 304

blend curve create tool 242

blend curve toolbox 242-243

blend curves 242-243

bookmarks

adding 31, 32

removing 32

renaming 32

setting and showing 31

using 32

boundary curves 206

boundary surfaces

boundary curves 206-212

square 200-203, 212-213

bulge texture 314

bump mapping 314-316

bulge 314

bump textures 314-316

C

camera

moving 25-32

tracking, dollying and tumbling 25

camera move keys 26

camera move mode 25

canvas planes 72

changing

surfaces 115

changing view

Look at tool 27

Viewing Panel 29

circle tool 122, 129

circles

editing 156

click

definition xiii

closing windows 5

clouds 305-306

cloud parameters 305

cloud texture 305

in sky texture 305

components 35

grouping 92-93

picking 36, 163

concept design workflows xi

cone 11

construction history 115

deleting 187

warning dialog 187

construction objects

picking 163

construction points

definition 238

continuity 202, 209-210

between curves and surfaces 208

curvature 202, 207, 210

CVs for curvature 211

for duplicated surfaces 202

for mirrored surfaces 202

positional 202, 209

tangent 202, 210

Control Panel

location 3

control vertices

see CVs

copying

objects 84

CourseWare directory 81

location (Windows) 73

saving new work to 81

create geometry command 250, 268

creating

fractal texture 306

new projects in UNIX 81

new projects in Windows 82

primitives 75

projects 81

cross knot insertion 201

current project

in UNIX 71

in Windows 73

curvature continuity 202, 210

curve edit palette

project tangent tool 208

curve snap 77, 127

crv button 77

hot keys 79

turning off 78

curves

aligning CVs horizontally 110

basic geometry 110-112

blend curves 242-243

boundary 200, 206

changing shape 112

circular arcs 122

continuity 209-210

curvature continuity 207

curves-on-surface 171-172

CVs 110-114

edit point curves 159

editing 112, 156, 159

hull 111

keypoint 122

layers 163

location of CVs 112

making continuous with surface 208

making invisible 164

mirroring 168

moving CVs 156

offsetting 261

organizing 163

picking 163

projecting onto surfaces 258

revolving 115

skinning 168

sweeping 161

three point arc 240

curves of degree 5 207

Curves palette

primitives > circle 122

curves palette

arcs > arc (three point) 122, 127, 240

arcs > arc tangent to curve 239

blend curve create 242

blend curve toolbox 242-243

curve primitives > circle 129

new curve > new curve (CVs) 110

new curves > new curve (edit pts) 159

curves with 6 CVs 207

curves-on-surface 171-172

customizing

hot keys 23

marking menus 21, 22

shelves 16-21

CVs 110-114

aligning horizontally 110

curvature continuity 211

first CV 110

hiding 158

hull 111

location of 112

moving 113

moving onto X axis 114

picking 112

third 111

cylinder 12

cylinder tool 143

D

DAG, see directed acyclic graph

default layer 119

default shader 147

delete dialog box 72, 74

deleting

construction history 187

objects 75

primitives 75

shaders 317

textures 317

deletion

preventing 120

design

concept design workflows xi

displaying

marking menus 155

displaytgls menu

object toggles > canvas planes 72, 74, 109

shade 147

window toggles > grid 155

window toggles > window sync 155

dollying 25

double-click

definition xiii

draft surfaces 244-250

angle/distance manipulator 245

definition 244

draft angle 245

editing 246

intersecting 247

pull direction 245

surface depth 245

trimming 247

draft tool 244

drag

definition xiii

duplicate > mirror command 94, 168

duplicate > object command 86

duplicate object command 137

duplicating

objects 84, 86, 137

surfaces with continuity 202

E

edges

rounding 175

edit menu

copy 84

duplicate 84

duplicate > mirror 94, 168

duplicate > object 86, 137

group 93, 224

paste 84

undo 76

edit points 159

hiding 158

editing

curves 159

extruded surfaces 124

render globals 300, 302-303

sun in sky texture 307

surfaces 115

environments

control window 304

shader 304

sky 305, 305-308

extrude tool 124, 131

extruded surfaces 131

scaling 124

extruding

curves 124

F

file browser 71

creating new projects in UNIX 81

creating new projects in Windows 82

menu buttons 71

navigating in Windows 83

opening 71

saving files in UNIX 81

saving files in Windows 82

Windows style 73

file lister

show list button 71

file menu

import > file 226

open 71

save as 81

save as (Windows) 82

files

import file option box 226

importing 226

opening in UNIX 71

saving 81-83

saving in UNIX 81

saving in Windows 82

fillet surfaces

round 175

fillets 175

Delete button 218

undoing rounds 218

variable 175

with two radiuses 175

first CV of a curve 110

flat surfaces 117

floors

removing from sky texture 307

fog 306

G

generation curves

extruded surfaces 131

rail surfaces 252-253

swept surfaces 161

global quality level 302

granite textures 309-311

graphics

in tutorials xii

grid command 155

grid snap 77

hot keys 79

grid snapping 11

see also hot keys 10

grids

turning off 155

group command 93

grouping

components 92-93

using pick box 92-93

grouping objects 93

H

help menu 4

hiding

CVs 158

edit points 158

hulls 158

keypoints 158

history,construction 115

horizontal arrow 80

horizontal indicator 80

hot keys 16, 23

camera move keys 26

camera move mode 25

customizing 23

snap modes 79

hulls 111

hiding 158

location of CVs 112

I

icon size

interface options 20

icons

below file menu 213

sizing icons in title bar 110

identifying icons 76

image planes 109, 155

displaying 109

synchronizing 155

turning on display 154

images

canvas planes 72

reference images 72

import command 226

import file options box 226

importing

files 226

import file options box 226

increasing

reflectivity 319

information

information window 219

on objects 219

interface

control panel 3

main window 3

menu bar 3

overview 3

palette 3

shelves 3

interface options

icon size 20

point of interest 28

intersect tool 171, 184

intersecting surfaces 171-172

discarding excess 185

draft 247

keeping surfaces 187

overbuilt 162

invisible

curves 164

layers 164

IRIX

starting up 2

toolchest menu 2

isographic camera view 31

isoparms 135, 179

cross knot insertion 201

on ideal surface 201

K

keypoint arcs

tangent to curve 239

keypoint curves 122

keypoints

hiding 158

knots 201

L

layers 119-120

curves 163

definition 119

inactive 200

making invisible 164

making pickable 143

mirror-image 200

pickable state 143

symmetry 200

layers menu

new 119

symmetry > create geometry 250, 268

layouts menu

all windows > all windows 72

lessons project

creating in UNIX 82

creating in Windows 83

lights

picking 163

lines

light blue on geometry 200

location

of origin 79

logging in to StudioTools 1

Look at tool 27

M

magnet snap

hot keys 79

magnet snap mode 77, 122, 129

manipulating

point of interest 28

manipulating windows 4, 8

manipulators 75

on draft surfaces 245

tangent 209

mapping

bump 314-316

surface placement tab 315

marking menus 155

customizing 21, 22, 23

shelf window 22

shortcuts 16

using 21

maximizing

views 110

menu bar

location in StudioTools software 3

menus

using 4, 8

mesh tolerance 303

middle mouse button 80

minimizing

views 110

mirror command 94

mirroring 168

components 94

objects 168

surfaces with continuity 202

using layers 200

modeling

organizing curves 163

planning 163

workflow 198

models

changing view 25-32

definition xiii

modes

curve snap 77

grid snap 77

magnet snap 77

modifying

surfaces 115

mouse

buttons (left, middle, and right) 79

moving

camera 25-32

CVs 113

CVs onto X axis 114

objects 80

pivot points 77

undoing 182

with middle mouse button 80

moving windows 7

multi-lister

delete > active 317

deleting active swatches 317

N

new curve (CVs) tool 110

new curve (edit pts) tool 159

option box 207

new layers command 119

nodes 34

node states 34

nurbs surfaces

combining 171

O

object display

controlling 158

object edit palette

offset > offset 261

object toggles command

canvas planes 72, 74, 109

objectdisplay control

command 158

objectdisplay control window 158

objectdisplay menu

control 158

Objects

Primitive tools 10

objects 168

active 75

aligning axes 144

construction points 238

copying 84

creating reference objects 120

curves-on-surface 172

deleting 75

deselecting all 92

drawn with blue lines 75

drawn with white lines 75

duplicating 84, 86, 137

getting information 219

grouping 93

mirroring 94

moving 80

offsetting 261

pasting 84

picking 87

picking and unpicking 13

picking using pick box 92

preventing deletion 120

resetting rotated axes 144

rotating 87

scaling 76, 80

selected 75

shading 147

transforming using mouse buttons 79

offset tool 261

offsetting

objects 261

open command 71

opening

file browser 71

tutorial file in UNIX 71

tutorial file in Windows 73

option boxes 12

origin 79

overbuilding surfaces 162

overview

Control Panel 3

interface 3

menu bar 3

palette 3

shelves 3

StudioTools main window 3

P

palette

location in StudioTools software 3

using 24

palette window 9

palette/shelf menus 11

password 1

pasting

objects 84

path curves

extruded surfaces 131

perspective vs. isographic 31

perspective window

Viewing Panel 29

Pick

Component tool 35

pick box 15, 92

grouping components 92-93

pick component tool 163

icons 213

pick curve-on-surface tool 172

pick CV tool 112

pick nothing tool 87, 92

pick object tool 87

pick palette 13

nothing 87, 92

object types > curve on surf 172

pick box 92

pick CV 112

pick object 87

Pick tools 14

picking

all 13

by name 15

components 36, 163

components using icons 213

confirming picked objects 219

construction objects only 163

curves only 163

curves-on-surface 172

CVs 112

lights only 163

nothing 13

objects 13

preventing accidental picking 120

sections only 163

shells only 163

spheres 184

surfaces only 163

picking objects

with scene block diagram 34-36

pivot points

definition 77

moving 77

planar surfaces 117, 132

plane tool 220

point of interest

activating 28

locking 31

showing and hiding 30

using 28

point snap mode 122

See magnet snap mode

points, construction 238

positional continuity 202, 209

primary surfaces 198

primitive NURBS objects

cone 11

creating 10

cylinder 12

sphere 10

primitives

creating 75

deleting 75

manipulators 75

project directories

creating 81

definition 81

project menu

set current command 71

set current command (Windows) 73

project tangent adjustment box 208-212

project tangent tool 208

manipulator 209

project tool 258

projecting

curves 258

projects

creating 81, 82

creating lessons project (UNIX) 82

creating lessons project (Windows) 83

current (in UNIX) 71

current (in Windows) 73

new (UNIX) 81

new (Windows) 82

renaming (in UNIX) 81

renaming (in Windows) 83

pull direction 245

R

radius indicator

adjusting interactively 176, 177

round tool 175

rail curves

rail surfaces 253

swept surfaces 161

rail surface tool 252

rail surfaces 252-253

raycasting 317

raytracing 317, 318-320

limiting reflections 319

reducing time 319

rebld column

square control option box 201

red line joining CVs 111

red outline around tools 75

reference images 109

reference layers 120

making pickable 143

reflections

limiting 319

reflectivity

increasing 319

removing

grids 155

renaming

bookmarks 32

projects in UNIX 81

projects in Windows 83

tools 19

render

command 301

render globals 300, 302-303

command 302

global quality level 302

render menu

globals 302

render 301

rendering 301

bump textures 314-316

facetting (removing) 302

global quality level 302

limiting reflections 319

mesh tolerance 303

process 302

quality 302

quality variables 301

raycast 317

raytrace 317, 318-320

reducing time 319

render globals 300, 302-303

tessellation 301, 302

variables 302

workflow 302

rendering options box 318

resetting

axes of rotated objects 144

resizing windows 5

revolve tool 115

options box 199

revolving

-90 degrees about Z 199

curves 115

partial revolves 199

right mouse button 80

rotate tool 87

rotating

defining degrees of rotation 123, 129

objects 87

undoing 182

using numbers 123, 129

using prompt line 123, 129

round tool 175, 217

adjusting radius indicator 177

radius indicator 175

variable fillet 175

rounding

adjusting radius 177

edges 175

trimmed surfaces 175

with variable fillet 175

S

save as command 81, 82

saving 81-83

in UNIX 81

in Windows 82

shelves 17

SBD 34-36

nodes 34

window 35

scale tool 76

scaling

extruded surfaces 124

objects 76, 80

undoing 76, 182

with right mouse button 80

scene

rendering 301

scene block diagram 34-36

scenes

definition xiii

sections

picking 163

Sections option 12

set current command 71

in Windows 73

set pivot tool 135

set planar tool 117, 132

setting

bookmarks 31

current project (Windows) 73

pivot points 77

shade command 147

shaded mode 147

turning off 170

shaders

default shader 147

deleting 317

environment 304

shading

objects 147

shadowed boxes 12

shelf/palette menus 11

shells

picking 163

shelves

adding tools 18

clearing 17

customizing 16-21

location in StudioTools software 3

removing tools 20

saving 17

shortcuts 16

shortcut icons

StudioTools 2

shortcuts

hot keys 16, 23

marking menus 16, 21, 155

shelves 16, 16-21

tools 16

showing

bookmarks 31

simulating

cloud 306

fog 306

smoke 306

skin tool 141, 168

sky texture 305-308

clouds 305

removing floor 307

sky button 305

sun 307

sunrise 307

sunset 307

smoke 306

snap buttons 11

snap mode

see also hot keys 10

snap modes

hot keys 79

snapping

curve 77

grid 77

magnet 77

to grid 11

solid textures 309-311

granite 309

special effects tab 314

sphere primitive 10

sphere tool 134

spheres 134

picking 184

splash window 3

sponge surfaces 313

square control option box 200-203, 212-213

square surfaces 200-203, 212-213

boundary curves 206-212

square tool 200-203, 212-213

starting up

IRIX 2

process 3

start-up screen 3

troubleshooting 3

Windows 2

workspace window 3

starting up StudioTools 1

start-up screen 3

studio layout 72

StudioTools

help menu 4

interface 3

logging in 1

shortcut icons 2

splash window 3

starting up 3

starting up on IRIX 2

starting up on Windows 2

troubleshooting during start-up 3

using menus 4, 8

workspace window 3

sub-palettes 10

sun

editing 307

sunrise 307

sunset 307

surface edit palette

create curvesonsurface > intersect 171, 184

create curvesonsurface > project 258

trim > trim 173, 185

trim > untrim 173

surface placement tab 315

surface textures

bulge 314

surfaces

boundary curves 200

bump 314-316

combining 171

construction history 115

continuity 202

cross knot insertion 201

discarding intersected surfaces 185

dotted outline 172

draft 244-250

editing 115

extra isoparms 201

extruded 124, 131

flat 117

grouping 224

ideal 201

increasing reflectivity 319

intersecting 171, 184

isoparms 201

keeping intersected surfaces 187

length 209

mirroring with continuity 202

organizing 224

overbuilding 162

partially revolved 199

picking 163

planar 117, 132

preparing for intersection 162

preventing gaps when intersecting 162

primary 198

projecting curves onto 258

rail 252-253

rebuilding curves 201

reducing reflections 319

revolved 115

round fillets 175

rounding trimmed surfaces 175

scaling extruded surfaces 124

skinned surfaces 141, 168

sponge 313

square 200-203, 212-213

swept 161

tessellation 302

transition 198, 206, 212-213

trimmed 173

trimming 171, 173, 185

two-dimensional 117

U direction 209

undoing rounds 218

undoing trim 173, 174

V direction 209

variable round fillets 175

width 209

surfaces palette 75

boundary surfaces > square 200

draft 244

fillet surfaces > round 175, 217

primitives > cylinder 143

primitives > plane 220

primitives > sphere 134

revolve 115

set planar 117, 132

skin 141, 168

swept surfaces > extrude 124, 131

swept surfaces > rail surface 252

swept surfaces > swept 161

sweep option 12

swept surfaces 161

swept tool 161

symmetry

creating geometry 250, 268

on layers 200

synchronizing

image planes 155

views 155

T

tangent continuity 202, 210

terms

in tutorials xiii

tesselator section

toggle shade settings 147

tessellation 301

definition 302

test directed acyclic graph (DAG) 34

texture procedures window

opening 304

textures

bulge 314

bump 314-316

cloud texture 305

deleting 317

environments 304

fractal 306

granite 309-311

sky 305-308

solid 305, 309-311

sponge 313

surface 304

surface placement tab 315

three point arc tool 122, 127, 240

title bars

sizing icons 110

toggle shade 147

toggle shade settings option box 147

tesselator section 147

tool tips 76

toolchest menu 2

tools

active 75

adding to shelves 18

options 12

outlined in red 75

picking components 35

removing from shelves 20

renaming 19

shortcuts 16

small icons 20

using 24

tools palette 24

tracking 25

Transform palette

zero transforms 144

transform palette

local > set pivot 135

move 80

rotate 87

scale 76, 80

set pivot 77

undoing commands 76

transformations

undoing 182

using mouse buttons 79

transition surfaces 198, 206, 212-213

trim tool 173, 185

untrim 173

trimmed surfaces 173

undoing 173, 174

trimming

discard process 185

draft surfaces 247

keeping surfaces 187

surfaces 171, 173, 185

undoing 173, 174

troubleshooting

curve snap 77

during start-up 3

grid snap 77

identifying icons 76

magnet snap 77

using help menu 4

tumbling 25

in orthographic windows 27

tutorial file

opening in UNIX 71

opening in Windows 73

tutorials

graphic conventions xii

terms xiii

two-dimensional surfaces 117

U

U direction 209

undo command 76

undoing

transformations 182

transforms 182

trimmed surfaces 174

UNIX

opening tutorial file 71

opening wire files 71

unpicking

objects 13

untrim tool 173

user account 1

user name 1

using

hot keys 23

marking menus 21

menus 4, 8

pick boxes 15

Pick tools 14

StudioTools 4

tools 24

Viewing Panel 29

V

V direction 209

view

changing 25-32

view windows

maximizing 72, 110

minimizing 110

removing grids 155

title bars 110

viewing

CVs 158

edit points 158

hulls 158

keypoints 158

marking menus 155

shaded mode 147

Viewing Panel

bookmarks 31

bookmarks section 31

perspective option 31

point of interest section 30

using 29

view directions 30

views

shaded mode 147

W

window

location in StudioTools 3

window sync command 155

Windows 82

creating lessons project 83

displaying Windows browser 73

file browser 73

location of CourseWare directory 73

navigating in the file browser 83

opening tutorial file 73

renaming projects 83

setting current project 73

starting up 2

up 1 Level button 83

windows

active 7

arranging 4, 8

closing 5

moving 7

palette 9, 11

resizing 5

windows menu

information > information window 219

workflows

concept design xi

write-protected 81

X

X axis

moving CVs onto 114

Z

zero transforms command 144

Notes